Identification and Ranking of Factors Affecting Unemployment in Afghanistan (Case Study: Herat Province)

Unemployment remains one of the most critical economic challenges facing Afghanistan, and Herat Province is no exception. Despite its strategic location and relative economic stability compared with other regions, Herat experiences high levels of unemployment, adversely affecting its social and economic development. This research aims to identify and rank the factors influencing unemployment in Herat province using both quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. This study examined various factors, including political instability, economic underdevelopment, lack of infrastructure, and inadequate education and vocational training. Through surveys and statistical analyses, this study evaluates the significance of each factor contributing to unemployment. Political instability emerged as the most significant factor, followed by economic stagnation, weak infrastructure, and inadequate education systems. The findings of this study are crucial for policymakers in Afghanistan, offering insights into the necessary reforms to reduce unemployment and enhance economic stability in Herat. These results suggest that improving political stability, investing in infrastructure, and enhancing human capital through education and vocational training can lead to reduced unemployment and sustainable economic growth.