STUDY OF EXPRESSING OF OIL-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS ON A SCREW PRESS

The object of the research is the technological process of pressing oil from oil-containing raw materials with a laboratory screw oil press OR-600M. An analysis of scientific and technical information on obtaining oil by mechanical pressing was carried out. Vegetable oil is a food product that is in great demand among people. Unrefined cold-pressed first-pressed oils were obtained from ten types of oilseeds: sunflower, sesame, peanut, mustard, pumpkin, rye, flax, hemp, rapeseed, corn. The oils obtained by the cold pressing method are characterized by low peroxide and acid values and are suitable for food consumption while preserving their valuable quality. It was analyzed that the oil content of the studied raw materials is at least 12 % for corn germs, and the maximum oil yield is 54 % for sunflower. The productivity of the screw oil press was determined experimentally and the minimum productivity of the press was established, which is 401 g/h for corn germs, and the maximum productivity for sunflower is 1522 g/h. The quantitative content of oil in oil-containing raw materials was calculated and determined: the minimum yield of oil is 10,12 % for corn germs, the maximum yield of oil is 50,74 % for sunflower. It was also found that with an increase in the productivity of the screw press, the output of oil increases. The main features of using the press are characterized, including the simplicity of the technological equipment, low energy consumption of the technological process of pressing, requirements for a small area of use. The ratio of fatty acids in the studied oils was substantiated and it was found that the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids, the consumption of which contributes to strengthening human health, prevails. The obtained results of the research of the range of oil raw materials on the screw press are expedient to use in the production technology of vegetable oils of increased biological value, dietary supplements and cosmetics.