Features of Astrocytic NMDA Receptors (Review)

The astrocytic NMDA receptor is a heterotetramer consisting of 7 different subunits. Receptor expression and properties are largely determined by its subunit composition. Astrocytic NMDA receptors have their own functional features – they are weakly sensitive to magnesium ions and have low calcium permeability. Activation of astrocytic NMDA receptors plays an important role in regulating intracellular processes such as gene expression and mitochondrial function. NMDA receptors are involved in astrocytic calcium signaling and can be activated by both ionotropic and metabotropic pathways. Astrocytic NMDA receptors are involved in neuroglial interactions, affecting synaptic plasticity. They are also involved in astrovascular interactions and play a role in regulating vascular tone. Astrocytic NMDA receptors participate in pathological conditions such as ischemia and hyperammonemia. Their blockade prevents negative changes in astrocytes in these pathologies.