A nickel implant induces cell death through autophagy in theconnective tissue capsule in an experimental model

Conclusions: In addition to inflammation and necrosis, cell death in the connective tissue capsule wall occurs through autophagy. Autophagy, mediated by Beclin1, is prominent at the implant interface and is closely associated with GRP78, which is strongly expressed throughout the capsule thickness, indicating significant oxidative stress in the cells surrounding the nickel plate implant.