The Function of OTUs and Research Progress in Human Diseases

Ovarian tumor domain proteases (OTUs), a unique protease family, contains four distinctive subfamilies, which play crucial roles in organisms. As a core member of the large enzyme family of deubiquitinases, OTUs play an indispensable regulatory role in a series of complex and delicate physiological processes such as cell division, immune response and apoptosis by precisely regulating the ubiquitination level of proteins. In recent years, with the deepening of research, more and more evidence shows that the dysregulation of these physiological processes is closely related to the occurrence and development of a variety of human diseases. Whether non infectious diseases, such as tumors, kidney diseases, autoimmune diseases and neurodegenerative diseases, or infectious diseases, such as viral, bacterial and parasitic infections, may be related to the dysfunction of OTUs. Therefore, an in-depth study and review of the functions of OTUs and their relationship in human diseases will not only help us better understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, but also provide new ideas and directions for the research and use of deubiquitinase OTUs in the treatment of diseases. By revealing the mechanism of OTUs in diseases, we can develop therapeutic strategies for specific diseases, such as regulating the pathological process of related diseases by inhibiting or activating specific OTUs members, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. At the same time, the study of OTUs also helps us find new drug targets and provides new ideas and methods for drug research and development. This article reviews the functions of OTUs and their relationship in human diseases, in order to provide references for the research and use of deubiquitinase OTUs in the treatment of diseases.