Outcomes of Subpectoral Tenodesis in the Treatment of Proximal Biceps Pathologies

Introduction The aim of this article is to evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes of subpectoral tenodesis of the long head of the biceps (LHB) in the treatment of proximal biceps pathologies. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted through the analysis of medical records from 24 patients and 26 shoulders who underwent the subpectoral tenodesis technique using bone tunnels. Three patients were excluded due to insufficient data to calculate the functional scores. The final study sample comprised 21 patients and 23 shoulders. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated based on the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Score and the Long Head of Biceps (LHB) Score. Additionally, the main indications for the procedure and potential complications were thoroughly assessed. Results The average follow-up time was four years and, of the 21 patients (23 shoulders), 19 (82.6%) were male and 4 (17.4%) were female shoulders, with a mean age of 41.6 years. The main indication for surgery was superior labral anterior to posterior injury in 12 (52.2%) cases, followed by subluxation and tenosynovitis. No case presented aesthetic deformity or pain on palpation at the LHB. Patients showed significant improvement in the ASES score (average from 75.13 to 98.52) and LHB score (average from 68.82 to 98.34). Conclusion The subpectoral tenodesis technique is a safe procedure, with good clinical and functional outcomes for the treatment of proximal biceps pathologies.