INFLUENCE OF «URBAN HEAT ISLANDS» ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALMATY CITY

Global energy consumption in buildings is steadily increasing due to rapid urbanization, climate change and other driving factors. Currently, when designing buildings, insufficient attention is paid to the problem of urban heating networks and air pollution in a densely built urban environment; it is necessary to create an integrated approach to solutions for adapting people's lives. It is no longer enough to satisfy the energy needs of societies, but it is necessary to do this while meeting overreaching sustainable goals which impose ever so stricter requirements for efficiency improvements, and environmental and other impact reductions. Based on the assumption that climate conditions, building energy efficiency and urban design are strictly related to each other, many recent studies have also demonstrated the need to map building energy consumption at the city scale rather than at the building level. An urban heat island (UHI) can have a significant impact on a building's energy consumption by increasing cooling demand and decreasing heating demand. However, the effect of UHI on building energy consumption has not been well studied due to the challenges associated with quantifying the temperature change caused by HOT and estimating building energy consumption. In this research, we reviewed the existing literature to improve the understanding of the impact of HOT on building energy consumption. It was found that HOT can lead to a 19.0% increase in cooling energy consumption and an 18.7% decrease in heating energy consumption.