Revolutionizing art exhibitions: Photogrammetry's role in virtual reality experiences

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted many aspects of human life, including the way we work, travel, and even our art-viewing habits. In the past, art exhibitions were the primary channel through which art lovers could view, experience, and purchase artwork. However, the pandemic brought the art industry to a sudden halt as people are unable to visit physical exhibitions. Even after the pandemic has passed, what will happen if a similar outbreak occurs? Recent advances in photogrammetry, 3D scanning, and virtual reality technology enable the creation of an immersive and realistic digital environment. The integration of the two technologies could be a revolutionary approach to art presentation. In this mixed-method study, the researchers used a photogrammetry scanning technique to scan sculptures of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej and turn them into a virtual reality exhibition. We invited three experts in art, design, and technology to share their perspectives on the exhibition. We asked forty-five participants to evaluate the exhibition's ease of use, level of immersion, and satisfaction. The study reveals expert and participant feedback on a virtual reality exhibition. The visual art expert praised the virtual reality experience for offering new opportunities and remarkable immersion, though it lacked tactile elements compared to physical galleries. The design expert lauded the intuitive navigation and impressive spatial design, which enhanced immersion. The technology expert noted that while a photogrammetry-based virtual reality experience offers unprecedented immersion, the quality varies based on hardware and technical factors. Participants found the virtual reality exhibition largely positive, with 86.7% rating it as easy or very easy to use. More than 91% felt the exhibition was immersive, and 100% were satisfied, with 62.2% expressing extreme satisfaction. These results highlight the strong potential of virtual reality exhibitions.