Synthesis and research of dithiophosphate additives

The article provides a history of the origin, methods of synthesis and research of dithiophosphate additives. One of the necessary components of motor oils is dithiophosphate type additives. Dithiophosphate additives have high antioxidative and anti-wear properties. From year to year, with the emergence of new car engines and various equipments, improving the quality of motor oils becomes one of the pressing problems. Dithiophosphate additives being antioxidative additives are one of the main components of lubricating compositions that are used to improve qualities of motor oils. Dithiophosphate additives are divided into ash, low ash and ashless additives. Additives of the dithiophosphate type are obtained with various metals. Due to the ash content of these additives, ash settles on the engines, their parts corrode and quickly fail. Therefore, ashless or ash additives are preferred. Nevertheless, metal-retaining dithiophosphate-type additives are produced in large numbers. Quality ashless dithiophosphate additives are not available in the industry. The quality of ashless dithiophosphate additives is inferior to metal-containing additives. Of the metal-containing dithiophosphates, the most widely used are the zinc dithiophosphates. The composition of base oils plays an important role in the thermal stability of metal-containing dithiophosphates. The composition of base oils makes dithiophosphates thermally unstable. The persistence of zinc dithiophosphates in motor oil is explained by their easy reaction with thermal decomposition products of the base. In industry, zinc-containing dithiophosphate additives are most widely used in motor oils. The purpose of the article is to show the appearance, methods of obtaining, research of present in literature dithiophosphate additives and to show the methods of obtaining new dithiophosphate additives that improve the quality of motor oils developed the Institute of Chemistry of Additives after acad. A.M.Guliyev of Azerbaijan Republic.