Effect of Animal and Poultry Manure Processing Technologies on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Introduction. The agricultural sector is one of the most important sources of anthropogenic emissions. The correct accounting of greenhouse gas emissions in this sector depends on technologies used to process animal/poultry manure. To date, there is a lack of research to adjust the methane and nitrous oxide emissions from existing animal/poultry manure sto­rages, because of the variety of technologies used. This is why the methodological approach developed to estimate the annual emissions of methane and nitrous oxide is so important.Aim of the Study. The study is aimed at determining the impact of manure and litter processing technologies on annual emissions of methane and nitrous oxide.Materials and Methods. To determine the emission of nitrous oxide and methane, there were calculated mass of animal/poultry manure and its total nitrogen and carbon content; there were analysed manure processing technologies such as long-term manure storing, passive and active composting, biofermentation, drying and granulation, incineration. There were performed calculations for two options: 1) according to the National Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions, taking into account the share of manure processed with the use of each technology in 2022; 2) according to the actual data of technology distribution in 2022. The predictive estimate for the period up to 2030 was made for regions in the North-Western Federal District of the Russian Federation.Results. The study analysed animal and poultry housing technologies at three types of enterprises: agricultural organizations, peasant (private) farms, and household farms. There was calculated the animal/poultry manure mass generated at each type of enterpri­ses and determined the share of manure processed with the use of each technology. Based on the data of the North-Western Federal District, there were calculated methane and nitrous oxide emissions in 2022 in CO2-eq.Discussion and Conclusions. There was estimated the effect of manure collection and sto­rage technologies on methane and nitrous oxide emissions. The obtained data on emissions exceeded by 35.6% (methane) and 14.2% (nitrous oxide) those calculated by the methods used in National Inventory indicating their refinement expediency. Categorization of agricultural enterprises makes calculations simpler for regional and national assessments. The refined data on manure collection and storing technologies and the emissions specific for these technologies will help to perform prediction calculations and determine options for technological upgrading to mitigate GHG emissions.