The Effectiveness of Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) System in Welding Training Facilities using Validation Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation

The Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) is the most common type of engineering control equipment used to control employees' exposure to chemicals that are hazardous to their health. Before a contaminant disperses into the workroom environment, LEV systems operate on the principle of capturing it at or near its source. The welding guideline stated that the suggested minimum hood velocity is 100 ft/min, the recommended velocity along ducts for vapors, gases, and smoke is 1000 ft/min, and 2000 ft/min. The research objective is to identify the effectiveness of the LEV system using validation computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The data collected by experimental design during the pre-testing phase of the LEV system is quantitative and obtained through a fieldwork survey and document analysis. Findings found that LEV systems are effective to be used and meet all the minimum requirements set by the guideline. In CFD simulation, upon validation, the average absolute error obtained from the case study is 8.4%. There is good agreement between actual experimental and CFD simulation results, and the acceptable validity of CFD simulation is less than 10%. Therefore, simple CFD modeling is a tool to simulate air velocity in the LEV system, saving labor costs and time consumption during the earliest stage of LEV design development before actual construction. This study's outcome can serve as a benchmark or guideline for training facilities equipped with the LEV system to prioritize safety and health.