Metabolomics in the Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment of Chronic Liver Diseases Using Traditional Chinese Medicine

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is a major global health challenge, characterized by chronic inflammation that can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. Early identification of biomarkers is crucial for effective intervention. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has shown potential in improving CLD symptoms and protecting the liver, although its mechanisms remain unclear. Metabolomics, the comprehensive study of metabolites, offers a promising approach to understanding CLD pathogenesis and identifying biomarkers. Notably, metabolomics aligns with TCM’s holistic approach and may help reveal its therapeutic mechanisms. This review summarizes key metabolites associated with CLD diagnosis and progression and discusses how TCM may modulate metabolic pathways to alleviate CLD symptoms. These insights could lead to improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CLD.