Strategic agronomic interventions for leaf yield and quality improvement in moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) under high density planting system

Moringa leaves are rich in minerals, vitamins, proteins, and soluble fiber, making them an ideal dietary supplement for addressing undernourishment, as well as iron and vitamin A deficiencies. The presence of high concentrations of potassium, iron, calcium, and magnesium, and natural antioxidants are particularly beneficial for pregnant mothers and young children. The current study carried out in 2021 and 2022, sought to standardize crop geometry and harvesting heights to enhance leaf biomass and quality in Moringa under High-Density Planting Systems . The research trial employed four different spacing configurations, incorporating single-row and double-row triangular planting at both wider and closer spacing, and included three harvesting heights. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. Observations on growth parameters, physiological traits, and yield characters were recorded at each harvest. Leaf quality parameters were analyzed in dried Moringa leaf powder. Pooled results indicated that double-row triangular planting with narrower intra-row spacing, combined with a 45 cm harvesting height, yielded substantially higher fresh and dried leaf yields of 42.76 t/ha and 7.83 t/ha, respectively. This treatment also produced superior leaf quality parameters, attributed to enhanced growth, physiological responses, and yield outcomes, leading to greater economic returns through enhanced fresh leaf yield.