Effect of land configuration and methods of establishment on pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucam)

The present study examines the impact of land configuration and establishment methods on the growth and productivity of pearl millet. The experiment was conducted using a split-plot design with three main plot treatments, flatbed planting (M1), ridges and furrows (M2) and raised bed paired row planting (M3) and four subplot treatments: direct sowing (S1), 10- day-old seedlings (DOS) (S2), 15 DOS (dapog) (S3) and 20 DOS (S4). Each treatment combination was replicated three times. The results revealed that among the main plot treatments, ridges and furrows (M2) demonstrated superior performance exhibiting greater plant height, a higher total number of tillers, and increased dry matter production (DMP) at harvest. In subplot treatments, direct sowing (S1) resulted in better growth parameters, including greater plant height, higher DMP at harvest, and improved indices such as Leaf Area Index (LAI), Crop Growth Rate (CGR), Relative Growth Rate (RGR) and Net Assimilation Rate (NAR). In contrast, the 20 DOS in raised bed paired row planting (M3) recorded the shortest time to heading and 50% flowering. Among the treatment combinations, direct sowing in ridges and furrows (M2S1) achieved the highest plant height, maximum DMP at harvest and superior grain and straw yield.