Multiple sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine with perforation as the initial symptom: case report and review of the literature

We report a rare case of sarcomatoid carcinoma of the small intestine and conduct a thorough literature review to offer new insights into its diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. This highly malignant tumor, predominantly found in the jejunum and ileum, is characterized by high recurrence and metastasis rates, leading to a poor prognosis. Notably, postoperative radiotherapy does not improve outcomes. Abdominal CT is highly sensitive for detecting small bowel tumors but cannot confirm SCA due to its nonspecific imaging features. In contrast, small enteroscopy or capsule endoscopy offers greater diagnostic clarity. Increased awareness among clinicians is crucial for early detection and intervention.