Evaluation the Medicinal Potential of <i>Phallus indusiatus</i> as a Protein-Rich Source for Applications in Meat Analogs

This study investigates the medicinal potential of proteins derived from Phallus indusiatus , commonly known as bamboo mushroom, focusing on their bioactive properties of the mushroom proteins, including antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. Using a non-solvent extraction method, crude proteins were isolated and purified through anion-exchange chromatography. After stepwise NaCl elution, distinct eluted peaks were collected, designated P1-P4 fraction. Each purified protein fractions primarily demonstrated moderate antioxidant activity. Bioactivity assessments were further conducted on several protein fractions (P1, P2, P3, and P4) using LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells to evaluate their anti-inflammatory properties. The results revealed that proteins P1, P3, and P4 significantly reduced nitric oxide production, with P4 demonstrating the most potent effect. As the results, P1, P3, and P4 would be exhibited as Fungal Immunomodulatory Proteins (FIPs) with selective anti-inflammatory activity, suggesting their potential for further therapeutic applications. Anticancer activity was assessed against A549, where all protein fractions exhibited notable cytotoxicity against cancer cell, without affecting normal Vero cells. These findings highlight the potential of P. indusiatus proteins containing pharmacological properties for developing mushroom-based meat analogs.