Sculpting Light: The Impact of Photographic Lighting on the Perception of Musculature and Physical Aesthetics Through the Homo Gaze

This study explores the impact of photographic lighting on perceptions of musculature and physical aesthetics through the homo gaze among 350 openly gay men in Bangkok. Employing three advanced lighting setups—split and fill, Rembrandt with black foam, and split overhead non-fill—this research methodically assesses how different lighting conditions influence visual perceptions across three body types: endomorph, ectomorph, and mesomorph. Participants rated muscular definition in images using a structured scale: defined, less defined, or unchanged. A comprehensive mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, captures detailed emotional and aesthetic reactions. The findings demonstrate that lighting not only significantly alters perceptions of musculature but also shapes broader beauty standards within the gay community. By illustrating the crucial role of lighting in photographic art and design, this study contributes to visual culture discourses. It underscores the importance of inclusive aesthetic standards and the enhancement of visual communication for commercial purposes, offering strategic insights for engaging diverse markets.