Investigation of the Factors Contributing to Academic Failure in Developing Countries

The concept of academic failure in education is derived from economics, where education is likened to an industry. Due to academic failure, a significant portion of a country's resources, which should be transformed into a final product (human capital), is wasted, failing to meet the expected outcomes for society. From the sociology of education perspective, academic failure is a critical issue within educational systems that holds particular significance in relation to the broader social framework. This research aims to define academic failure and identify the factors influencing it. The study employs a library-based review method. The findings indicate that grade repetition within a defined academic period and dropping out before completing a specific cycle are both categorized as academic failure and represent a loss of time. Various factors contribute to this phenomenon, including issues within educational institutions, challenges posed by teachers, deficiencies among students, and external influences (political, economic, and familial factors).