Assessment of risk factors for breast cancer development in women living in the Saratov region

In Russia, breast cancer consistently leads the structure of newly diagnosed malignant neoplasms. Objective. To study the risk factors for breast cancer development in women living in the city of Saratov and the Saratov region. Material and methods. The risk factors were assessed based on the results of an anonymous sur-vey of 756 women aged 40 years and older, including 252 patients with breast cancer and 504 in the control group. The questionnaire included questions on obstetric-gynecological, somatic, lac-tation history, blood group, working conditions, intake of estrogen-progestogen drugs and in-strumental screening. To predict the influence of risk factors on the development of breast can-cer, the odds ratio was calculated and the strength of the relationship between the risk factor and the disease was quantitatively assessed. Results. The most significant risk factors with a moderate strength of relationship with breast cancer include age over 60 years, the presence of blood group O(I) in the patient, diabetes melli-tus, a relative of the 1st or 2nd line of kinship with cancer of the reproductive system, one birth and/or three or more abortions in the anamnesis, duration of breastfeeding less than one year dur-ing life and complications of the lactation period. Overweight, null pregnancy, breastfeeding dur-ing life less than two years are risk factors with a weak strength of relationship. In patients with A(II) blood group, two or more births in the anamnesis, the probability of developing the disease decreases. Conclusion. Stimulating motivation for childbearing, abortion prevention, breastfeeding support, prevention of combined dyshormonal pathology of the uterus and mammary gland, early diagno-sis and treatment of diabetes mellitus, compliance with the algorithms for conducting mammo-logical screening will reduce the incidence of breast cancer and increase its early diagnosis.