Effects of Coconut Flour and Milk Powder Supplementation on the Physicochemical Properties of Peanut Butter

Peanut butter is a popular, versatile food spread globally known for its nutritional value and unique flavor. As consumer preferences evolve, there is an increasing demand for fortified products. Coconut flour and milk powder are potential fortification agents due to their nutritional benefits and compatibility with various food matrices. We explored the effects of incorporating coconut flour and milk powder into peanut butter, analyzing its nutritional composition and sensory qualities. Various combinations (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w) of coconut flour, milk powder, and their mixture were introduced into peanut butter followed by a thorough physicochemical and sensory analysis. The results showed notable changes in both physical and chemical attributes. Coconut flour and its combination with milk powder increased the moisture content in peanut butter, while milk powder had the opposite effect. The protein content peaked in the peanut butter with 15% coconut flour, while the fat content diminished with higher concentrations of coconut flour and milk powder. Carbohydrate levels in the supplemented samples surpassed those of the control and commercial peanut butters. All the variants exhibited a pseudoplastic flow behavior, with coconut flour and milk powder concentrations affecting viscosity. The textural analysis revealed differences in oil separation, spreadability, and firmness, with 15% coconut flour yielding the highest firmness and oil separation. Noteworthy color changes were evident, particularly with the inclusion of 15% milk powder. Sensory assessments favored the peanut butter with a 15% blend of coconut flour and milk powder, while the color preference leaned towards the 15% milk powder variant. The consumers preferred the peanut butter fortified with a 15% blend of coconut flour and milk powder. Our research can help food manufacturers create healthier, more appealing products that cater to evolving consumer preferences and dietary requirements.