Fibrous Ankylosis in Cervical Spine: Late Complication of Tuberculosis

Background: Fibrous ankylosis of the cervical spine represents a rare yet severe complication arising from tuberculosis, which can result in considerable neck pain and restricted movement. This condition manifests when the body's immune response to the tuberculosis infection leads to excessive fibrosis and the fusion of cervical vertebrae. The consequent rigidity and limited mobility can significantly diminish an individual's quality of life, frequently resulting in chronic headaches and challenges in performing daily tasks. Case report: The patient was a 34-year-old female presenting with intense headaches, neck pain, and restricted head movement in all directions. She had a history of tuberculosis in childhood, which was managed conservatively for 39 months without surgical intervention. Investigations for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions yielded no significant findings. The patient was treated with analgesics for two weeks, accompanied by a brief course of corticosteroids, followed by a regimen of intensive physiotherapy. Notably, the patient exhibited substantial improvement in her symptoms. Conclusion: Enhancing awareness and developing a thorough understanding of fibrous ankylosis as a delayed complication of spinal tuberculosis are critical for improving patient management. By utilizing emerging research and innovative treatment approaches, we can aim for better outcomes for affected individuals, ultimately aiding them in restoring their quality of life.