Application of Fractional Degree of Freedom Controller for Regulation of Frequency Considering EV Aggregator

In a unified power network, oscillations in frequency always pose a concern due to the variations in load. These oscillations are typically mitigated by controllers. In this study, we propose the use of a fractional order 2 degree of freedom PID (FO-2DOF-PID) controller to balance frequency oscillations in an integrated system with electric vehicle (EV) aggregation. To determine the optimal gain factors for the FO-2DOF -PID controller to minimize frequency deviations, we employ Wild Goat Algorithm (WGA). To simulate real-world scenarios, we introduce an abrupt 4% perturbation in the load of the interconnected model to create an imbalance between load and generation. The performance of the model, including oscillations of power and frequency, is assessed based on key outcome metrics such as negative and positive peaks, as well as settling time. By comparing the outcomes with those obtained using conventional PID and 2DOF-PID controllers, we confirm the superiority of the FO-2DOF-PID controller. Furthermore, we assess the robustness of the proposed FO-2DOF-PID controller against arbitrary demand variations in the unified system. This comprehensive analysis highlights the efficacy and reliability of the FO-2DOF-PID controller in managing frequency oscillations and maintaining stability in a dynamic unified power system.