Ethical Extended Reality: Bridging Technology and Cultural Heritage

The integration of Extended Reality (XR) technologies, including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), into cultural heritage uses advancements in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and electronics that revolutionise the preservation, interpretation, and dissemination of cultural narratives. This paper discusses how XR technologies facilitate immersive, interactive experiences that enhance cultural opportunities and visitor engagement, utilising technologies such as 3D scanning and digital modelling to ensure the authenticity and accessibility of cultural experiences. However, the adoption of XR in cultural heritage raises significant ethical concerns related to the representation and appropriation of cultural narratives, particularly involving indigenous and historically marginalized communities. Addressing these concerns, this paper proposes adaptive, dynamic ethical guidelines designed as a ‘living document’ to evolve with technological and societal shifts, ensuring culturally respectful and accurate representations. By outlining strategies for ethical engagement, non-intrusive data collection, and community-centric approaches, this paper contributes a framework that promotes an inclusive, respectful approach to cultural heritage, ensuring XR technologies enrich rather than exploit the narratives they aim to preserve.