Navigating the VPN Landscape: A Comparative Study of L2TP, IPSec, and MPLS VPN Technologies

With the rapid advancement of internet technology and deepening globalization trends, Virtual Private Network (VPN) technology has become a crucial tool in ensuring the security and privacy of enterprise data transmission. Amidst complex network environments and escalating cybersecurity threats, VPNs address geographical limitations and information security by establishing encrypted channels over public networks. This study conducts a detailed comparative analysis of three mainstream VPN technologies - L2TP, IPsec, and MPLS. Through theoretical discussions and experimental validation, the study comprehensively compares these technologies across metrics such as transmission efficiency, security, cost-effectiveness, session setup times, and latency. It provides a comprehensive evaluation and application guide for businesses choosing VPN technologies.