Enhancing High-Density Fish Farming in a Biofloc System Through IoT Driven Monitoring System

Aquaculture, particularly fish farming, has grown in popularity and profitability, especially with the adoption of biofloc technology, which requires precise water quality control to optimize fish health and productivity. This research proposes an economical, automated system to monitor critical parameters like $\mathbf{p H}\left(6.8-7.5\right.$), temperature ($25-28^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$), turbidity ($30-100 \mathrm{NTU}$), and dissolved oxygen ($5-7 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{L}$). Immediate intervention, such as water replacement, is necessary if these levels deviate from set standards. The system integrates various sensors connected to an ESP8266 NodeMCU microcontroller, which manages data collection and transmission to a Firebase database, enabling real-time remote monitoring through an IP address. On-site, an OLED screen displays current readings, while the ADS1115 ADC enhances sensor accuracy. Temperature compensation for $\mathbf{p H}$ and total dissolved solids (TDS) measurements is also included to improve data reliability. Observations will be gathered every three days over a month to analyse trends and validate the system’s effectiveness. This solution provides fish farmers with real-time insights, helping to maintain stable water conditions and enhance biofloc-based aquaculture operations.