Comprehensive Review of Low-Power XOR-XNOR Circuits: Emerging Technologies and Future Directions

Exploring the frontier of digital electronics, this research evaluates XOR-XNOR circuits in light of advanced semiconductor technologies such as FinFET, TFET, and spintronics. We identify these technologies as robust alternatives to conventional CMOS circuits, rapidly approaching their scalability limits. This research study highlights the significance of enhancing power efficiency, minimizing delay, and optimizing overall circuit performance through strategic design interventions. This paper shows how to make XOR-XNOR circuit designs even better using hybrid logic configurations, dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), and advanced power gating techniques. The research ventures into the potential of emerging paradigms like Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA), neuromorphic computing, and 3D integration. We project these technologies to revolutionize XOR-XNOR circuits, especially in applications that demand high performance and low power consumption, like AI and IoT devices. By integrating these novel technologies with conventional design methodologies, the study advocates for a transformative approach to developing the next generation of XOR-XNOR circuits. Energy-efficient computing will significantly advance with this integration, creating a new era in digital circuit design that utilizes both innovative technologies and established engineering practices.