Optimal EVCS and Capacitor Allocation for Mitigating Energy Losses and Voltage Deviation in Distribution Network

The rise of electric vehicles (EVs) brings environmental benefits but challenges grid stability. Charging stations increase power demand, potentially leading to voltage drops and energy losses. This study proposes integrating capacitors with EV charging stations (EVCS) to mitigate these issues. Capacitors provide reactive power compensation, maintaining voltage stability and minimizing energy waste during EV charging. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), a powerful search technique, is employed to identify optimal locations for EVCS and capacitors within a distribution Network (DN). The effectiveness of this approach is validated through simulations on the standard IEEE-33 bus system. The results demonstrate that strategically placed capacitors significantly reduce energy losses and improve the voltage profile. Several technical parameters were evaluated, including reactive power, voltage stability index, and voltage deviation. This integrated strategy paves the way for a more robust and efficient grid infrastructure, especially as EV adoption continues to grow.