Design and Analysis of an Optimized Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller for Photovoltaic (PV) Based Microgrid in Power System

This paper presents the design and analysis of the proposed Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller for photovoltaic with microgrid connected in power system. Conventional PI controller faced the problems of longer oscillation time, higher amplitude, higher overshoot, and the presence of steady-state error in PV-based microgrids during fault conditions. Hence, the objectives are to introduce and analyze the role of an optimized PID controller in a PV microgrid connected, contributing to faster response techniques that enhance system's stability during faults, including DC and AC faults, and to improve the system's steadiness and reliability. The proposed controller has been designed to ensure the stability of current regulations during outages that might be caused by unsymmetrical faults which considering scenario with high and low load demands, as well as varying transmission line length. A PI controller is utilized within the current regulator while gains of the DC/DC booster are tuned to stabilize the current during outages in both DC and AC faults by applying try-and-error method. Comprehensive and comparative stability analyses are conducted using bode plots and pole-zero mapping techniques in MATLAB/Simulink software to validate the system's stability based on the PI controller parameters. The optimized PID controller's performance used comparative analysis with a conventional PID controller under specific scenarios. The proposed controller shows a positive result towards the research hence the design of system, tuning method, and analytical result to validate the result under unsymmetrical fault condition and other circumstance is being presented.