Contingency Analysis and Placement of DG to Improve Power Performance Indices

The power system constitutes a complex network where security is the priority. Contingency analysis emerges as a longstanding and widely embraced technique aimed at preemptively assessing the severity of potential outages and their ramifications, thereby facilitating necessary actions to uphold the power grid's security. Given the considerable number of components within the system, scrutinizing individual contingencies proves to be a laborious endeavour. However, it is imperative to identify those contingencies that could potentially trigger severe conditions within the power system. This is accomplished by using the fast decoupling load flow (FDLF) approach to compute performance indices, such as the reactive power performance index (PIv) and active performance index (PIp), for each transmission line outage. Subsequently, contingency ranking is performed within the MATLAB environment, furnishing operators with insights ranging from the most critical to the least significant outages in the power system. The integration of distributed generation (DG) into distribution networks is pursued with the objective of augmenting system performance indices. DGs are incorporated into load flow analysis employing either a constant power factor model (CPF) or a variable reactive power model (VRP), contingent upon the output power characteristics. These models are seamlessly integrated into the load flow analysis. The efficacy of this approach has been validated through testing on both IEEE 5-Bus and IEEE 14-Bus systems by integrating mathematical models of DGs.