Unmasking Celiac Disease: A Case of Refractory Iron Deficiency Anemia in an Adolescent Girl

Abstract This case report details the clinical journey of a 16-year-old girl who presented with persistent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and poor growth since childhood. Despite prior treatments, her condition did not improve, leading to further investigation. Comprehensive physical examination and laboratory tests revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anemia. Subsequent evaluations, including serological tests and a duodenal biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of celiac disease (CD). The girl was started on a strict gluten-free diet along with iron, folic acid, and vitamin D3 supplementation, resulting in significant clinical improvement. This case underscores the importance of considering CD as a differential diagnosis in patients with refractory IDA. It highlights the need for early recognition and appropriate management.