Monitoring the bioeconomy transformation potential for Germany's largest lignite mining region: The Rheinische Revier

The German government's decision to phase out coal power generation by 2038 has spurred the regional transformation of the Rheinische Revier (RR), Germany's largest lignite mining region, towards sustainable, circular bioeconomy. Leveraging robust agricultural, industrial, and scientific sectors, the region shows promise for successful transition. This study aims to identify characteristics, trends, and opportunities of the bioeconomy transformation in the RR. Semi-structured expert interviews and a qualitative content analysis were carried out utilizing a comprehensive evaluation framework to identify key factors influencing the transformation. While stakeholders view the transition positively, challenges such as institutional guidance and stakeholder involvement persist. Recommendations such as the stakeholder-driven development of a regional vision and roadmap and the development of a biodiversity protection strategy and corresponding monitoring system aim to enhance the transformation process. These recommendations also provide guidance for regions undergoing similar changes, although locally-specific socio-economic conditions must be taken into account.