Quality of sleep and its determinants among Nigerian stroke survivors

The optimal rehabilitation and quality of life of stroke survivors depend on several factors, including poor sleep quality. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the quality of sleep and the influence of socio-demographic and clinical characteristics on sleep quality among Nigerian stroke survivors. A cross-sectional study design was used to recruit Nigerian stroke survivors who underwent rehabilitation in outpatient physiotherapy clinics of selected hospitals. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess participants’ sleep quality. The data were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics at p < 0.05. One hundred and fifty stroke survivors with a mean age of 57.7 ± 14.6 years and a disability level with modified ranking scale (mRS) scores 3.2 ± 0.8 participated in the study. More than half (50.7%) of stroke survivors had acute quality sleep disorders. Survivors with ischemic stroke had more sleep disorders than did survivors with hemorrhagic stroke (58% vs. 40.3%). Only stroke type was significantly associated with sleep quality (Χ2 = 4.524, P = 0.033), while analgesia use and stroke type predicted poor sleep quality in a multivariable model. Stroke survivors with ischemic stroke were twice as likely to have poor sleep quality than survivors with hemorrhagic stroke (OR = 2.387, CI = 1.213–4.697, P = 0.012). Stroke survivors who used analgesia were 89.7% less likely to have poor sleep quality than those who did not use analgesics (OR = 0.103, CI = 0.012–0.900, P = 0.040). Poor sleep quality is common among Nigerian stroke survivors and is significantly predicted by stroke type (ischemic stroke) and analgesic use.