ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS IN AL-MANATHIRA DISTRICT AND ITS SPATIAL RELATIONSHIP IN THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIVESTOCK

This research delves into the intricate relationship between environmental characteristics and livestock distribution in Al-Manathira district, Iraq. The study evaluates the influence of natural factors such as land topography, soil fertility, water resource availability, and climatic conditions on the spatial patterns of livestock species, including cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it combines field surveys, soil analysis, and spatial data mapping to reveal how environmental zones shape the densities and productivity of various livestock. Results highlight significant correlations between fertile soils, proximity to water resources, and livestock density, particularly in riverine lowlands. This analysis provides actionable insights for optimizing livestock management practices, promoting sustainable agricultural development, and addressing the challenges posed by environmental constraints in semi-arid regions like Al-Manathira.