Assessment and optimization of biomedical waste management using Neutrosophic multi-criteria decision-making method

Abstract This paper proposes a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) framework based on Neutrosophic TOPSIS, considering factors such as cost-effectiveness, health and safety, regulatory compliance, environmental impact, and technological feasibility. The framework is informed by expert recommendations and recent literature. Next, in comparison with predetermined benchmarks. The results show that recycling is the best choice since it can minimise waste, recover resources, and save the environment. By taking subjectivity and uncertainties into consideration, this method aids decision-makers in selecting the best waste management solution while also enhancing the consistency and transparency of the process. The suggested strategy encourages eco-friendly waste management techniques in the biomedical sector and provides practitioners and policymakers with a useful tool to improve waste management systems. Recent literature and expert recommendations indicate a pressing need for an advanced multicriteria decision-making framework that can comprehensively evaluate biomedical waste management options. The Neutrosophic technique is particularly well-suited for this purpose, as it integrates linguistic assessments to handle uncertainties and subjective judgments. Given the significant environmental and public health impacts of improper waste disposal, this research aims to provide a robust and transparent decision-making tool that can guide practitioners and policymakers toward more sustainable waste management practices. By evaluating real data from a medical facility, this study demonstrates the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed Neutrosophic TOPSIS-based method.