Perspectives on multiparametric high-frequency impedance spectroscopy characterization of anatase TiO2 nanotubes with nanoelectrode array sensors

Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO 2 NTs) are highly versatile materials for energy, sensing, environmental, and biomedical applications. This paper explores TiO 2 nanotube characterization and electrical imaging by high-frequency impedance spectroscopy (HFIS) with nanoelectrode array sensors. HFIS offers promising alternatives to traditional methods to characterize nanoscale objects, as it detects distinctive electrical and morphological features. This work integrates: i) measurements with an advanced HFIS nanoelectrode array platform; ii) physics-based numerical simulations of the HFIS signal transduction mechanisms; iii) compact models for the estimation of geometrical and morphological parameters, to provide outlooks for the multiparametric characterization of single TiO 2 nanotubes at the platform sensitivity and resolution limits.