Analysis of Optimizing Database Performance Methods

An in-depth analysis of modern database optimization methods to improve their performance, reliability, and scalability is carried out. The main attention is paid to relational (Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL) and NoSQL databases (MongoDB, Redis, Cassandra), which are wide-ly used for data management. Key approaches to optimization are discussed, including design-ing efficient database schemas, normalization and denormalization, use of indexes, caching, sharding, and replication. Particular attention is paid to the importance of choosing the right database management system according to the type of information and specifics of queries, which significantly affects performance. Methods of optimizing SQL queries and client appli-cations to reduce server load are analyzed. The balance between data integrity and data access speed is analyzed, which is critical for modern database management systems.