Optimization of semi-synchronized multi-modal urban traffic signal through stochastic computer simulation

Deployed traffic control strategy is considered as one of the key factors that affect the users’ waiting experience. Historically, traffic signal strategy depends mainly on demand in vehicular traffic lanes without considering its effects on other modes of transportation (i.e., buses, bicycles, and pedestrian). In this study, a traffic signal control algorithm for deploying phasing structure was developed which integrates multi-modal traffic. A reference signal system, with traditional vehicle actuated signal was compared with newly proposed control system with actuation from other modalities using stochastic simulation software SUMO. Variables considered were modality types and volume while waiting time and CO 2 emission were presented as outcomes. Results indicated that (i) optimum signal timing of multi-mode traffic depends on the traffic composition and modal volume, (ii) proposed control system was able to accommodate higher number of pedestrians and bicycles, and (iii) it increased vehicle waiting-time and approximately 7 % higher emission of CO 2 . In addition, observations included (i) addition of pedestrian-exclusive phases did not show marked improvement compared to the reference, and (ii) facilitation of heavy bicycle traffic inherently helped pedestrian-flow. Research outcomes showed entangled nature of multi-modal flow and indicated that stochastic simulation-based optimization can support efficient multi-modal mobility.