Diagnostics of the most dangerous potato and soybean viruses in 2024 as the first stage in the search for donors of genes responsible for resistance to viruses

Goal. Visual, serological and molecular diagnostics of viruses affecting soybean and potato in some regions of Ukraine were carried out in this work. Methods. The study used the method of visual diagnosis, the presence of viruses in plant samples was carried out using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription. Results. Potato plants were observed for the presence of potato virus Y (PVY). Damage to plants in the investigated agrocenosis was established as 36.6%. Testing of soybean plants from Kyiv, Odesa, and Poltava regions for the presence of three viruses (soybean mosaic virus (SMV), cowpea soft spot virus (CPMMV), and bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)) showed no infection with CPMMV and BYMV. Among the three investigated viruses, the presence of SMV was detected; the damage of plants by this virus is 39.7%. Conclusions. Our study showed that SMV circulates on soybean plants and PVY on potato plants in the studied agrocenosis. According to the results of the work, it was established that about 2/3 of the examined varieties and plant breeding samples are not infected with SMV and PVY, which makes them prospective candidates for the search for genes responsible for resistance to these viruses.