Dyslipidemia and Development of Chronic Kidney Disease in Non-Diabetic Japanese Adults: A 26-Year, Community-Based, Longitudinal Study

Follow-up studies evaluating the relationship between dyslipidemia and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in non-diabetic populations are limited. This longitudinal study (1998–2024) examined whether the prevalence of dyslipidemia is associated with the subsequent development of CKD in non-diabetic Japanese adult citizens of Zentsuji, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Dyslipidemia was defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations ≥ 140 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations < 40 mg/dL, and/or triglyceride concentrations ≥ 150 mg/dL. Participants were considered to have developed CKD if their estimated glomerular filtration rate was <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. The proportional hazards assumption was violated. Therefore, the Weibull accelerated failure-time model was selected using the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria. The final cohort included 5970 participants, 41.6% of whom were men. The mean follow-up was 7.09 years. After the follow-up, 1890 (31.7%) participants developed CKD. Participants with dyslipidemia had a 5% shorter survival time (95% confidence interval: 3–7%) to incident CKD compared with those without dyslipidemia in the full model. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations < 40 mg/dL and triglyceride concentrations ≥ 150 mg/dL also reduced the survival time to CKD onset by 5–6%. Our results indicate that controlling the lipid profile to an appropriate range may contribute to reducing the risk of future onset of CKD.