MOLECULAR FEATURES OF THE ACTION OF HORMONES ON ANGIOGENESIS

The review presents data on the symbiotic relationship between the nervous and vascular systems, the active interaction between which reflects the main problems of the development of serious neurological disorders. The purpose of the article is to establish more detailed understanding of the mechanisms of action of hormones on the local microenvironment of endothelial cells under conditions of angiogenesis, as well as to identify the latest data on the molecular mechanisms of hormones in pathological conditions. The literature was studied, including scientific domestic and foreign publications that were prepared mainly over the last five years. The research methodology was content analysis of primary sources and scientific results obtained by other authors. The use of taxonomic and comparative analysis made it possible to study and compare the types and effects of hormones depending on the place of their synthesis. The use of the systemic-structural method ensured the construction of a diagram reflecting the influence of hormonal molecules on angiogenesis. The study of both Russian and foreign sources provides an understanding of the basic molecular mechanisms and factors of the vascular system. At the same time, a mature vascular network is the basis of cellular metabolism. There is a clear coordination relationship between endothelial processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, matrix adhesion and intercellular signaling processes. Vascular growth is a complex and dynamic process, regulated by pro- and antiangiogenic growth factors, adhesion molecules, enzymes, transcription factors, and hormones. Hormones influence angiogenesis either directly, by acting on endothelial cells, or indirectly, by regulating the action of proangiogenic factors. This review provides important information, since angiogenesis is one of the key conditions for the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Therefore, antiangiogenic treatment is a promising antitumor strategy aimed at vascular optimization. The conclusion is formulated about the need to study and develop effective and specific biomarkers that respond to the damaged angiogenic system, with a view to their possible practical application for fundamental research in the field of molecular neurobiology.