MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPONENT COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF ARTEMISIA NITROSA WEB EX STECHM

Introduction. Artemisia nitrosa is a perennial herbaceous plant of the subgenus Seriphidium. Wormwoods of this subgenus have poor chemical study due to high endemism and polymorphism. In the literature there are data on the chemical composition of the essential oil of A. nitrosa flora of Kazakhstan, Western Siberia and the Far East. It is established that the essential oil shows antifungal and antimicrobial activity. The purpose of this work is to determine the main anatomo-diagnostic features of A. nitrosa, as well as the isolation of essential oil by various methods and determination of its component composition. Material and methods. Anatomo-diagnostic features of Artemisia seliticana were determined according to the pharmacopoeial method, according to OFS.1.5.3.0003.15. Essential oil was isolated by two methods: hydrodistillation and vapor-distillation. Component analysis of essential oil was determined by gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results. Determination of microscopic features showed that fragments of epidermises with wavy walls are visible on the surface of the upper side of the leaf. Cells of the lower epidermis – with more wavy walls and anomocytic stomata. There are three types of hairs – glandular, flagelliform and T-shaped. On two sides of the leaf there are large, oval essential oil glands of tier type, consisting of 6-8 excretory cells. Wormwood essential oil is a light-moving liquid of yellow color, with a characteristic odor. The yield of oil extracted by hydrodistillation method – 0.1%, by vapor distillation – 0.3%. More than 60 components were detected in the samples of oil by GCMS, of which terpenoids predominate. The essential oil of A. nitrosa extracted by hydrodistillation and hydrolat are characterized by a high content of “light components” monocyclic monoterpenoids 11.53–17.29%, bicyclic – 20.95–48.13%. Oils obtained by steam distillation contain much less monoterpenoids: monocyclic – 3.17%, bicyclic – 6.51%, tricyclic – 0.61%. The oil extracted by steam distillation contains mainly “heavy components” bicyclic sesquiterpenoids – 48.89%, tricyclic – 10.83%, hydrocarbons – 7.09%. The constant components are 1,8-cineol, sabinene, camphor, terpinen-4-ol. Conclusion. Artemisia herbа can be used medicinally as a source of essential oil high in 1,8-cineole and camphor.