EFFECTS OF CLOMIPHENE CITRATE DOSAGE AND EXERCISE MODALITY ON SPERM QUALITY IN HYPO-GONADAL MEN

Hypogonadism in men is a clinical condition characterized by insufficient production of testosterone leading to infertility.The aim of this study is to investigate the combined effects of varying clomiphene citrate (CC) dosages and different exercise modalities (aerobic vs. resistance training) on sperm quality parameters, including sperm count, motility, and morphology, hormonal changes and relationship between these attributes in hypogonadal men. This randomized, controlled trial involved 120 hypogonadal men aged 20-45, who were assigned to one of four groups to receive varying doses of CC (25 mg or 50 mg) combined with either aerobic or resistance training for 12 weeks. Sperm quality, hormonal levels, and quality of life were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. It was revealed that sperm concentration, motility, and morphology improved with increasing CC dosage, with the greatest improvements observed in the 50 mg CC + resistance training group. Testosterone levels increased significantly in all groups, with the highest increase in the 50 mg CC + resistance training group, while estradiol levels decreased modestly. Both LH and FSH levels were positively influenced by higher CC doses and resistance training, while prolactin levels decreased significantly. MIQoL scores also improved across all groups, with the greatest enhancement in the high-dose CC + resistance training group. Moreover, strong positive correlations were found between LH, FSH, and sperm quality parameters, while prolactin showed negative correlations with sperm concentration, motility, and morphology. CC when combined with resistance training, enhance sperm quality parameters, testosterone levels, and overall male infertility quality of life. Therfore it is recommended as a potential therapeutic approach for improving male reproductive health, particularly in individuals experiencing fertility challenges.