Comparative analysis of modern concepts in modeling global food security

Global food security is one of the most important and complex challenges of the modern world, directly impacting socio-economic stability, environmental balance, and the quality of life. With the growth of the world population, climate change, depletion of natural resources, and geopolitical instability, ensuring sustainable food systems hasbecome of strategic importance. This article is dedicated to the comparative analysis of modern concepts of global food security modeling, particularly approaches such as econometric models, ecosystem-based approaches, scenario forecasting, and the use of big data and artificial intelligence for assessing and predicting changes in food systems. The author explores current models that assess the impact of various factors on food security, including climate change, economic and social challenges, and environmental risks. The article discusses the key directions and issues in modern theories and models related to food security and highlights their strengths and weaknesses. Specifically, the need for integrating various approaches to create comprehensive models capable of adapting to global challenges and ensuring the sustainable development of food systems is identified. The author also analyzes the prospects for improving existing concepts, considering the latest technologies such as big data, geographic information systems, and artificial intelligence. Special attention is given to integrative models combining social, economic, and environmental aspects to achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in the field of food security. The findings of this research are of practical importance for the development of strategies and policies for global and regional food security.