Impact of thermal radiation on heat and mass transfer in reactive bioconvective flow of Williamson nanofluid with buoyancy and microorganism stratification

This study examines the thermal radiation and bioconvective flow of a reactive hydromagnetic Williamson nanofluid across a two-dimensional device heated by both thermal and exponential heat sources. This model's setup considers the effects of temperature on thermal conductivity, mass, and the stratification of motile microorganisms at the wall. Transport equations have been changed from partial differential to third order ordinary differential by using the right similarity transformation quantities. The Chebyshev Collocation Technique (CCT) is being used to find solutions to these equations. Several tables and graphs illustrate the impact of the key parameters on the non-dimensional quantities of the transport fields. Mass transfer is notably improved by Brownian motion, leading to an increase in concentration profiles of approximately 10–18%. However, both Brownian motion and radiation parameters contribute to a decrease in heat transfer near the surface of the plate, with a reduction of about 5–12% in heat transport efficiency. The thermo-migration of small particles increases the temperature dispersion but decreases the density of the motile microorganism. The findings can be applied to enhance drug delivery mechanisms and the treatment of diseases that involve fluid flow in biological systems, especially under thermal and mass transfer influences.