El régimen de tenencia de la vivienda de la población inmigrante en España: cambio y continuidad a partir de los censos de 2001, 2011 y 2021

In Spain, the strong population growth due to the intensity of international migratory flows adds a new element of pressure to a real estate market already affected by the lack of new supply and by the deviation of the residential stock to other uses. This has led to an excessive increase in the price of housing, both for purchase and rental. In this context, this study analyses the evolution of access to home ownership of the immigrant population, compared to the natives, using the 2001, 2011 and 2021 censuses and the ECEPOV survey, which complements the latter. The results of the descriptive analysis (according to continental origin, age and year of arrival in Spain), validated by logistic regression, show a growing and widespread difficulty in access to home ownership for young people, immigrants and newcomers. While in the 2001 and 2011 censuses the percentage of home ownership of older immigrants was almost equal to that of the natives, the gap between groups is greater in 2021. The foreign-born group shows greater inequalities: intergenerational differences between cohorts of the same group, temporal inequalities depending on the year of arrival and intragenerational inequalities with respect to the natives. Finally, the methodology of the latest census is not effective in accurately capturing housing tenure, as the under-recording of rentals distorts its results, which contradict previous censuses results and the ECEPOV, which shows the opposite trend.