Location Distribution of Lightning Localization Monitoring Stations Integrating 3D Monitoring and PSO Algorithm

The growth of the modern information technology sector and the safe use of electrical equipment depend on accurate lightning localization monitoring. However, along with the increase in the number of lightning localization equipment and monitoring stations, the unreasonable station location distribution increases the risk of error in lightning localization monitoring. Therefore, the study integrates three-dimensional cross-location lightning monitoring and particle swarm algorithm to optimize the multi-station location distribution of lightning localization monitoring. In the simulation experiment of the four-station lightning monitoring system, compared with the traditional Y-distribution method, the particle swarm optimization method reduced the lightning positioning error by 45.8%. Meanwhile, in the practical application analysis, the positioning error of the proposed method in the horizontal and vertical axes was basically less than 0.4 km, which was the smallest compared with other models. The experiment proves that the lightning localization monitoring station distribution method fusing 3D localization and PSO algorithm constructed by the research has good location distribution performance and can be effectively applied to the layout of the current multi-station lightning monitoring system.