The Psychological Mechanism of Acquiring English as a Second Language

Language is not only the fundamental way of human communication, but also a key tool for promoting social progress and individual cognitive development. In a diverse global environment, the ability to master a second language is particularly important. Among them, as an international lingua franca, the acquisition process and effects of English have become a research hotspot in the interdisciplinary fields of linguistics, education, and even computer science. This article delves into the psychological mechanisms underlying the acquisition of English as a second language, including multiple dimensions such as emotional factors and socio-cultural adaptation, with the aim of understanding how learners can effectively construct language knowledge systems in different contexts. On this basis, this article innovatively proposes an English learning performance prediction model based on machine learning (ML). This model analyzes multiple sources of information such as learners' learning habits and online learning behavior data, and uses advanced algorithms to predict their English learning effectiveness, providing scientific basis for the development of personalized teaching plans. The experimental results show that the model can accurately predict the improvement of learners' English proficiency within a certain period of time, especially demonstrating significant advantages in identifying learning bottlenecks and potential areas.