Prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostrate cancer among suburban residents in Southern Nigeria

Abstract Background The prostate gland plays a vital role in the production of seminal fluid, which serves to nourish and transport sperm. Prostate-related conditions, particularly benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PC), represent significant health concerns among men globally, with a notable impact in African regions. This study investigated the prevalence of BPH and PC among men in the suburban towns of Cross River State, Nigeria. The research aims to provide critical data for healthcare planning and intervention. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to August 2023, involving 1,179 men aged 44 and above across various urban and rural communities within the Cross River State. Participants underwent sonographic assessment using transabdominal ultrasound, and clinical evaluation and questionnaires were then administered at different healthcare institutions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 28, and the results are presented as tables and percentages. Results The findings revealed a BPH incidence of 16.67% and a PC incidence of 0.81%. Age-specific analysis indicated a significant increase in BPH and PC incidence with advancing age, with the highest rates observed in men aged 50–59 and 60–80 years for BPH and PC, respectively. The study also identified contributing factors such as family history, lifestyle, and dietary patterns influencing the occurrence of these conditions. Conclusion The prevalence rates underscore the need for enhanced public health strategies, including regular screening programs, early diagnosis, and education on lifestyle modifications. These measures are crucial for mitigating the impact of BPH and PC, improving patient outcomes, and reducing the burden on healthcare systems in Africa.