Cooperation-Oriented Multi-Modal Shared Mobility for Sustainable Transport: Developments and Challenges

There is an increasing adoption of shared mobility for improving transport systems performance, reducing excessive private vehicle use, and making full utilization of existing infrastructure in urban traveling. Despite numerous studies in exploring the use of shared mobility for sustainable transport from different perspectives, how it has improved the sustainability of existing transport and what impact it has on various stakeholders are unclear. Therefore, a systematic literature review was carried out in this study on developing and adopting shared mobility for pursuing sustainable transport in urban traveling. Four emerging themes were identified, including attitude and intention, cooperation behaviors, operations and decisions, and performance evaluation, and some research gaps and challenges are discussed. An integrated framework for developing cooperation-oriented multi-modal shared mobility is proposed. This leads to better understanding of shared mobility and its use for sustainable transport in urban traveling.