Technological sovereignty of Russia in the sphere of agriculture: modern challenges and directions for their overcoming

The aggravation of geopolitical threats has necessitated a reassessment of the safety of Russia's technological sovereignty, including in the agricultural sector, since the provision of basic groups of food products is a key need of any society. In this regard, the authors synthesized three theories for the analysis of technological sovereignty: neoclassical, institutional approaches and the concept of national security. The implemented synthesis made it possible to give a comprehensive definition of technological sovereignty that meets the requirements of today, and to derive from it the category of “biotechnological sovereignty” as a type of technological. Based on an analysis of Russian management practice, the main institutional and economic problems in the formation and preservation of technological sovereignty in the agricultural sector were presented. The need to overcome the problems that have arisen allowed the authors to identify 8 main directions of government policy, which are designed to increase and maintain technological sovereignty in the agricultural sector: system monitoring of non-import-substituted technological groups of goods in the agro-industrial complex; introduction of an innovative technological concept of agricultural production; normative consolidation in strategic documents of the main directions of R&D for the agricultural sector; transformation of value chains through the development and implementation of platform solutions; financial support through preferential subsidies for agricultural producers introducing biotechnologies; transformation of existing business models in agricultural production; formation of a bank and development of the domestic scientific and technological base; ensuring partnership between universities and enterprises in the agro-industrial complex in terms of targeted ordering of specialists and conducting turnkey research.